Tabernacle
- Details
- Written by: Dr. Correo Andrew Hofstad
- Category: Nebkheperure "Mosheh" Tutankhaten (Pharaoh Tutankhamun Heqaiunushema)
1 The king of Upper and Lower Egypt, lord of the Two Lands [...] [...], given life forever.
2 Amun-Re, lord of the Thrones of the Two Lands, lord of heaven, king of the gods.
3 Mut, mistress of Asheru, lady of all the gods. He gives life, all life, stability and dominion.
4 Giving plants, so that he may be given life.
5 All protection, life, stability, dominion and health with him, like Re forever.
6 [Year 1], fourth month of the Season of Inundation, day 19, under the Majesty of
7 Horus: Mighty bull, perfect of births;
8 Two Ladies: Beautiful of [laws, who pacifies] the Two Lands;
9 Gold Horus: Who wears the crown, who placates the gods;
10 The king of Upper and Lower Egypt: [...]; Son of Re: [...], given life like Re forever [and ever],
11 beloved of [Amun-Re], lord of the Thrones of the Two Lands, foremost of Karnak,
12 of Atum, lord of the Two Lands and Heliopolis, of Re-Harakhte,
13 of Ptah, south of his wall, lord of [Ankh-tawi], and of Thoth, lord of the sacred word,
14 the one who appears [on] the Horus-[throne] [of the living], like (his) father Re every day.
15 Good [god], son of Amun, offspring of Kamutef, glorious seed, sacred egg,
16 begotten by Amun himself, [father of the Two Lands],
17 who moulds his moulder, who creates his creator,
18 for whose creation the souls of Heliopolis assembled,
19 to act as king of eternity, a Horus who endures forever,
20 a good ruler, who does what is beneficial to (his) father and all gods.
21 He has restored what was in ruins, as monuments of eternal age.
22 He has dispelled injustice throughout the Two Lands
23 and justice was established [in its place]. He lets falsehood be an abomination,
24 and the land as in its primordial time. Now, when His Majesty arose as king,
25 the temples of the gods and goddesses, from Elephantine [to] the lagoons of the Delta,
26 [...] had [fallen] into ruin. Their shrines had fallen into decay
27 and had become ruins overgrown with [...]-plants.
28 heir sanctuaries were as if they had never existed, their temples were foot paths.
29 The land was in distress, the gods were turning away from this land.
30 If [an army was] sent to Palestine to widen the borders of Egypt,
31 no success of theirs came about at all. If one prayed to a god to ask a thing of him,
32 he wouldn't come [at all]. Similarly, if one prayed to any goddess, she wouldn't come at all.
33 Their hearts were weak in their bodies. They destroyed what had been built.
34 After (some) days had passed after this, [His Majesty] appeared on the throne of (his) father
35 and he ruled the banks of Horus. The black land and the red land were under his dominion,
36 and every land was bowing to his might.
37 Now, His Majesty was in his palace, which is in the House of Aakheperkare,
38 like Re in heaven, and His Majesty was executing the plans of this land
39 and the governing of the Two Banks. Then His Majesty took counsel with his heart
40 seeking every excellent deed, searching what was beneficial to (his) father Amun,
41 fashioning his noble image of real electrum. He surpassed what had been done before.
42 He fashioned (his) father Amun on thirteen carrying poles,
43 his sacred image being of electrum, lapis lazuli, [turquoise],
44 and every kind of precious stone,
45 whereas formerly the majesty of this noble god had been on eleven carrying poles.
46 He fashioned Ptah, south of his wall, lord of Ankh-tawi,
47 his noble image being of electrum, on eleven carrying poles,
48 his sacred image being of electrum, lapis lazuli, turquoise, and every kind of precious stone,
49 whereas formerly the majesty of this noble god had been on [seven] carrying poles.
50 And His Majesty built monuments for the gods, [fashioning] their statues of real electrum,
51 from the best of the foreign lands, building their sanctuaries anew
52 as monuments of eternal age, endowed with property forever,
53 setting aside offerings for them as daily sacrifices, providing their sacrificial bread on earth.
54 He surpassed what had been before,
55 he outdid what had been done since the time of the ancestors,
56 he initiated priests and prophets, children of officials from their towns,
57 sons of noted men whose names were well-known.
58 He multiplied their [alters] with gold, silver, bronze and copper, without limit of [anything].
59 He filled their workhouses with male and female slaves, brought as booty of His Majesty.
60 All [tributes] to the temples were [increased], doubled, trebled and quadrupled,
61 with silver, gold, lapis lazuli, turquoise and every kind of precious stone,
62 royal linen, white cloth, fine linen, moringa oil, resin, fat, [...] incense, balm, myrrh,
63 without limit of any good thing. His Majesty (l.p.h.!) has hewn their barques
64 on the river, from fresh cedar from Lebanon, the pick of Negau,
65 plated with gold from the best of the foreign lands, so that they may illumine the river.
66 His Majesty (l.p.h.!) has consecrated male and female slaves, (Hofstad note: reference Exodus 1:7)
67 and female singers and dancers who had been maidservants in the palace,
68 and their wages were charged to the palace
69 and to [the treasury] of the lord of the Two Lands.
70 'I let them be guarded and protected for my forefathers, all the gods,
71 in order to placate them, doing what their spirits like, so that they may protect Egypt.'
72 The gods and goddesses who are in this land, their hearts are in joy,
73 the lords of sanctuaries are jubilating, the banks are cheering and exulting,
74 jubilation is throughout the [entire] land, since a good [state] has come into being.
75 The ennead in the Great Temple, their arms are raised in adoration,
76 their hands are full of Sed-festivals [of] all eternity.
77 All life and dominion with them are at the nostrils of the strong king,
78 Horus who repeats birth, beloved son [of (his) father Amun-Re, king] of the gods,
79 who created him for his own creation, king of Upper and Lower Egypt [...], beloved of Amun,
80 [his] true eldest son, his beloved, who protects the father who begot him,
81 who exercises the kingship [of] (his) father Osiris, son of Re [...],
82 son who is beneficial to him who created him, rich in monuments, abundant in wonders, [...]
83 who builds monuments on his own initiative for (his) father Amun, perfect of births,
84 sovereign who [restored] Egypt. On this day, one is in the good palace,
85 which is in the House of Aakheperkare, justified, while [His Majesty (l.p.h.!)] is young,
86 seizing the one who speeds upon his body, whom Khnum has moulded, [...]
87 He is mighty of arm, great of strength, more distinguished than the victorious,
88 great of strength like the son of Nut, [...] mighty of arm like Horus,
89 no equal to him exists among the brave of all lands together,
90 he who is knowledgeable like Re, [ingenious like] Ptah, perceptive like Thoth,
91 who ordains laws, effective of command, [...] excellent of judgement,
92 the king of Upper and Lower Egypt, lord of the Two Lands,
93 lord of rituals, lord of strength [....] who placates [...] [son of Re], of his body, his beloved,
94 lord of every foreign land, lord of crowns [...]
95 given life, stability and dominion, like Re [forever and ever].
- Details
- Written by: Dr. Correo Andrew Hofstad
- Category: Djeserkheperure-Setepenre "Aharon" Horemheb-Meryamun (Pharaoh Horemheb)
1 His majesty took counsel with his heart [how he might] .... [exp]el evil and suppress lying. The plans of his majesty were an excellent refuge, repelling violence behind ...... [and delivering the Egyptians from the oppressions] which were among them. Behold, his majesty spent the whole time seeking the welfare of Egypt and searching out instances [of oppression in the land]. .... [came the scribe] of his majesty. Then he seized palette and roll; he put it into writing according to all that his majesty, the king himself said. He spoke as follows: "[My majesty] commands ... [concerning all] instances of oppression in the land.
2 If the poor man made for himself a craft with its sail, in order to be able to serve the Pharaoh, L.P.H., [loading it with the dues for the breweries and the kitchens of the Pharaoh, and he was robbed of the craft and] the dues, the poor man stood reft of his goods and stripped of his many labors. This is wrong, and the Pharaoh will suppress it by his excellent measures. If there be a [poor man] who pays the dues of the breweries and kitchens of the Pharaoh, L.P.H., to the two deputies, [and he be robbed of his goods and his craft, my majesty commands: that every officer who seizes the dues] and taketh the craft of any citizen of the army or of any person who is in the whole land, the law shall be executed against him, in that his nose shall be cut off, and he shall be sent to Tharu.
3 [Furthermore, concerning the impost of wood, my majesty commands that if any officer find] a poor man without a craft, then let him bring to him a craft for his impost from another, and let him send him to bring for him the wood; thus he shall serve [the Pharaoh].
4 [Furthermore, my majesty commands that if any poor man be oppressed by] [robbe]ry, his cargo be emptied by theft of them, and the poor man stand reft of hi[s good]s, [no further exactions for dues shall be made from him] when he has nothing. For it is not good, this report of very great injustice. My majesty commands that restitution be made to him; behold .... .
5 [Furthermore, as for those who] ... and those who bring to the harem, likewise for the offerings of all gods, paying dues to the two deputies of the army and ... [my majesty commands that if any officer is guilty of extortions or thefts], the law [shall be executed] against him, in that his nose shall be cut off, and (he) shall be sent to Tharu likewise.
6 When the officers of the Pharaoh's house of offerings have gone about tax-collecting in the towns, to take [katha-plant], [they have seized the slaves of the people, and kept them at work] for 6 days or 7 days, without one's being able to depart from them afar, so that it was an excessive detention indeed. It shall be done likewise against them. If there be any place [where the stewards shall be tax-collecting, and any one] shall hear, saying: "They are tax-collecting, to take katha-plant for themselves," and another shall come to report, saying: "My man slave (or) my female slave has been taken away [and detained many days at work by the stewards;" it shall be done likewise against them.]
7 The two divisions of troops which are in the field, one in the southern region, the other in the northern region, stole hides in the whole land, not passing a year, without applying the brand of [the royal house to cattle which were not due to them, thereby increasing] their number, and stealing that which was stamped from them. They went out from house to house, beating and plundering without leaving a hide for the people .... Then the officer] of the Pharaoh went about to each one, [to collect the hides charged against him and came to the people demanding] them, but the hides were not found with them (although) the amount charged against them could be established. They satisfied them, saying: "They have been stolen from us." A wretched case is this, therefore it shall be [done] likewise.
8 When the overseer of the cattle of Pharaoh, L.P.H., goes about to attend to the loan-herds in the whole land, and there be not brought to him the hides of the ... which are on the lists, [he shall not hold the people responsible for the hides if they have them not, but they shall be released by command of his majesty] according to his just purposes. As for any citizen of the army, (concerning) whom one shall hear, saying: "He goeth about stealing hides," beginning with this day, the law shall be executed against him, by beating him a hundred blows, opening five wounds, and taking from him by force the hides which he took.
9 Now, as for the other instance of evil which the [official staff were accustomed to commit, when they held inspection] in the land, of that which happened [against the law], [the table-scribe of] the queen and the table-scribe of the harem went about after the official staff, punishing them and investigating their affair ...... of the one who sailed down-or up-river. One investigated it among the officials in the time of the King Menkheperre (Thutmose III). Now, when the one who sailed down-or up-river whom they took; and when [the superior officials of] [the king], Menkheperre, went about [after these officials] each year, [that they might make an] expedition to the city, and that these superior officials might come to these officials, saying: "Give thou [to us] the consideration for the careless expedition;" then, behold, the Pharaoh, L.P.H., made the expedition at the feast of Opet each year without carelessness. One prepared the way before the Pharaoh [and questioned the local magistrate, wherever he] landed, [concerning the corrupt official] causing him to ......what he (the corrupt official) was like. As for one who goes about again, afterward, to seek the consideration ......, then these officials shall go about with the expedition concerning the affairs of these poor people ...... My majesty commands to prevent that one shall do thus, beginning with this day ..... the landing; he is the one against whom one shall prosecute it.
10 Likewise the collection of vegetables for the breweries [and kitchens of the Pharaoh and] ..... [Extortion was practiced, and the officials plundered] the poor, taking the best of their vegetables, saying: "They are for the impost [of the Pharaoh]." [Thus they] robbed the poor of their labors, so that a double [impost was levied. Now, my majesty commands that as for any officials who come to] collect vegetables [for] the impost of Pharaoh, L.P.H., in the arbors, and the .... houses of the estates of Pharaoh, L.P.H., and the ... of Pharaoh which contain vegetables, (concerning whom) one shall hear, saying: "They ... for any ... of any citizen of the army, or [any] people, [beginning with this day, the law shall be executed against them] ...... transgressing commands.
11 Now as far as these officials of the herds, who go about ...... in the southern region or the northern region collecting grain from the [citizens] of the city .... going about .... in the southern region or northern region collecting ... from the poor ... . ......... going about taking possession to bring every citizen, to cause them to see ... (concerning whom) one shall hear, (saying) ".... a crime, .... collection of the harem who go about in the [towns tax-collecting] ...... the ... of the fishermen .... carrying the ..... .
12 I have improved this entire land ...... I have sailed it, as far as south of the wall, I have given ..., I have learned its whole interior, I have traveled it entirely in its midst, I have searched in .... [and I have sought two officials] perfect in speech, excellent in good qualities, knowing how to judge the innermost heart, hearing the words of the palace, the laws of the judgment-hall. I have appointed them to judge the Two Lands, to satisfy those who are in ...... . [I have given to each one] his seat; I have set them in the two great cities of the South and the North; every land among them cometh to him without exception; I have put before them regulations in the daily register [of the palace] ........ I have directed [them] to the way of life; I led them to the truth, I teach them, saying: "Do not associate with others of the people; do not receive the reward of another, not hearing .... . How, then, shall those like you judge others, while there is one among you committing a crime against justice.
13 Now, as to the obligation of silver and gold ....... [my] majesty remits it, in order that there be not collected an obligation of anything from the official staff of the South and North.
14 Now, as for any official or any priest (concerning whom) it shall be heard, saying: "He sits, to execute judgment among the official staff appointed for judgment, and he commits a crime against justice therein;" it shall be against him a capital crime. Behold, my majesty has done this, to improve the laws of Egypt, in order to cause that another should not be ........... .
15 [Behold, my majesty appointed] the official staff of the divine fathers, the prophets of the temples, the officials of the court of this land and the priests of the gods who comprise the official staff out of desire that they shall judge the citizens of every city. My majesty is legislating for Egypt, to prosper the life of its inhabitants; when he appeared upon the throne of Re. Behold, the official staffs have been appointed in the whole land ... all ... to comprise the official staffs in the cities according to their rank. ....
16 They went around ... times a month, which he [made] for them like a feast; every man set down at a portion of every good thing, of good bread, and meat of the storehouses, of royal provision .....; their voices reached heaven, praising all benefits ... the heart of all the soldiers of the army. [The king appeared to the people] ... throwing (gifts) to them from the balcony while every man was called by his name by the king himself. They came forth from the presence rejoicing, laden with the provision of the royal house; yea, they too [grain-heaps] in the granary, every one of them [bore] barley and spelt, there was not found one who had nothing .... their cities. [If they did not complete the circuit therein within three days, [....] their khetkhet-officers hastened after them to the place where they were immediately. They were found there .....
17 Hear ye these commands which my majesty has made for the first time governing the whole land, when my majesty remembered these cases of oppression which occur before this land.
- Details
- Written by: Dr. Correo Andrew Hofstad
- Category: Djeserkheperure-Setepenre "Aharon" Horemheb-Meryamun (Pharaoh Horemheb)
His majesty took counsel with his heart [how he might] .... [exp]el evil and suppress lying. The plans of his majesty were an excellent refuge, repelling violence behind ...... [and delivering the Egyptians from the oppressions] which were among them. Behold, his majesty spent the whole time seeking the welfare of Egypt and searching out instances [of oppression in the land]. .... [came the scribe] of his majesty. Then he seized palette and roll; he put it into writing according to all that his majesty, the king himself said. He spoke as follows: "[My majesty] commands ... [concerning all] instances of oppression in the land.
Enactment Against Robbing the Poor of Dues for the Royal Breweries and Kitchens.
If the poor man made for himself a craft with its sail, in order to be able to serve the Pharaoh, L.P.H., [loading it with the dues for the breweries and the kitchens of the Pharaoh, and he was robbed of the craft and] the dues, the poor man stood reft of his goods and stripped of his many labors. This is wrong, and the Pharaoh will suppress it by his excellent measures. If there be a [poor man] who pays the dues of the breweries and kitchens of the Pharaoh, L.P.H., to the two deputies, [and he be robbed of his goods and his craft, my majesty commands: that every officer who seizes the dues] and taketh the craft of any citizen of the army or of any person who is in the whole land, the law shall be executed against him, in that his nose shall be cut off, and he shall be sent to Tharu [Ṯʾ-rw].
Against Robbing the Poor of Wood Due the Pharaoh
[Furthermore, concerning the impost of wood, my majesty commands that if any officer find] a poor man without a craft, then let him bring to him a craft for his impost from another, and let him send him to bring for him the wood; thus he shall serve [the Pharaoh].
Against Exacting Dues from a Poor Man thus Robbed
[Furthermore, my majesty commands that if any poor man be oppressed by] [robbe]ry, his cargo be emptied by theft of them, and the poor man stand reft of hi[s good]s, [no further exactions for dues shall be made from him] when he has nothing. For it is not good, this report of very great injustice. My majesty commands that restitution be made to him; behold .... .
Against Robbing the Poor of Dues for the Harem or the Gods by the Soldiers
[Furthermore, as for those who] ... and those who bring to the harem, likewise for the offerings of all gods, paying dues to the two deputies of the army and ... [my majesty commands that if any officer is guilty of extortions or thefts], the law [shall be executed] against him, in that his nose shall be cut off, and (he) shall be sent to Tharu [Ṯʾ-rw] likewise.
Against Unlawful Appropriation of Slave Service
When the officers of the Pharaoh's house of offerings have gone about tax-collecting in the towns, to take [katha-plant], [they have seized the slaves of the people, and kept them at work] for 6 days or 7 days, without one's being able to depart from them afar, so that it was an excessive detention indeed. It shall be done likewise against them. If there be any place [where the stewards shall be tax-collecting, and any one] shall hear, saying: "They are tax-collecting, to take katha-plant for themselves," and another shall come to report, saying: "My man slave (or) my female slave has been taken away [and detained many days at work by the stewards;" it shall be done likewise against them.]
Against Stealing of Hides by the Soldiers
The two divisions of troops which are in the field, one in the southern region, the other in the northern region, stole hides in the whole land, not passing a year, without applying the brand of [the royal house to cattle which were not due to them, thereby increasing] their number, and stealing that which was stamped from them. They went out from house to house, beating and plundering without leaving a hide for the people .... Then the officer] of the Pharaoh went about to each one, [to collect the hides charged against him and came to the people demanding] them, but the hides were not found with them (although) the amount charged against them could be established. They satisfied them, saying: "They have been stolen from us." A wretched case is this, therefore it shall be [done] likewise.
When the overseer of the cattle of Pharaoh, L.P.H., goes about to attend to the loan-herds in the whole land, and there be not brought to him the hides of the ... which are on the lists, [he shall not hold the people responsible for the hides if they have them not, but they shall be released by command of his majesty] according to his just purposes. As for any citizen of the army, (concerning) whom one shall hear, saying: "He goeth about stealing hides," beginning with this day, the law shall be executed against him, by beating him a hundred blows, opening five wounds, and taking from him by force the hides which he took.
Against Connivance of Dishonest Inspectors with Thievish Tax-Collectors, for a Share of the Booty
Now, as for the other instance of evil which the [official staff were accustomed to commit, when they held inspection] in the land, of that which happened [against the law], [the table-scribe of] the queen and the table-scribe of the harem went about after the official staff, punishing them and investigating their affair ...... of the one who sailed down-or up-river. One investigated it among the officials in the time of the King Menkheperre (Tuthmosis III). Now, when the one who sailed down-or up-river whom they took; and when [the superior officials of] [the king], Menkheperre, went about [after these officials] each year, [that they might make an] expedition to the city, and that these superior officials might come to these officials, saying: "Give thou [to us] the consideration for the careless expedition;" then, behold, the Pharaoh, L.P.H., made the expedition at the feast of Opet each year without carelessness. One prepared the way before the Pharaoh [and questioned the local magistrate, wherever he] landed, [concerning the corrupt official] causing him to ......what he (the corrupt official) was like. As for one who goes about again, afterward, to seek the consideration ......, then these officials shall go about with the expedition concerning the affairs of these poor people ...... My majesty commands to prevent that one shall do thus, beginning with this day ..... the landing; he is the one against whom one shall prosecute it.
Against Stealing Vegetables Under Pretense of Collecting Taxes
Likewise the collection of vegetables for the breweries [and kitchens of the Pharaoh and] ..... [Extortion was practiced, and the officials plundered] the poor, taking the best of their vegetables, saying: "They are for the impost [of the Pharaoh]." [Thus they] robbed the poor of their labors, so that a double [impost was levied. Now, my majesty commands that as for any officials who come to] collect vegetables [for] the impost of Pharaoh, L.P.H., in the arbors, and the .... houses of the estates of Pharaoh, L.P.H., and the ... of Pharaoh which contain vegetables, (concerning whom) one shall hear, saying: "They ... for any ... of any citizen of the army, or [any] people, [beginning with this day, the law shall be executed against them] ...... transgressing commands.
Enactments Too Fragmentary for Analysis
Now as far as these officials of the herds, who go about ...... in the southern region or the northern region collecting grain from the [citizens] of the city .... going about .... in the southern region or northern region collecting ... from the poor ... .
......... going about taking possession to bring every citizen, to cause them to see ... (concerning whom) one shall hear, (saying) ".... a crime, .... collection of the harem who go about in the [towns tax-collecting] ...... the ... of the fishermen .... carrying the ..... .
Narratives of the King's Reforms, Containing also an Enactment against Corrupt Judges
Appointment of Two Judges
I have improved this entire land ...... I have sailed it, as far as south of the wall, I have given ..., I have learned its whole interior, I have traveled it entirely in its midst, I have searched in .... [and I have sought two officials] perfect in speech, excellent in good qualities, knowing how to judge the innermost heart, hearing the words of the palace, the laws of the judgment-hall. I have appointed them to judge the Two Lands, to satisfy those who are in ...... . [I have given to each one] his seat; I have set them in the two great cities of the South and the North; every land among them cometh to him without exception; I have put before them regulations in the daily register [of the palace] ........ I have directed [them] to the way of life; I led them to the truth, I teach them, saying: "Do not associate with others of the people; do not receive the reward of another, not hearing .... . How, then, shall those like you judge others, while there is one among you committing a crime against justice.
Now, as to the obligation of silver and gold ....... [my] majesty remits it, in order that there be not collected an obligation of anything from the official staff of the South and North.
Punishment of Bribery
Now, as for any official or any priest (concerning whom) it shall be heard, saying: "He sits, to execute judgment among the official staff appointed for judgment, and he commits a crime against justice therein;" it shall be against him a capital crime. Behold, my majesty has done this, to improve the laws of Egypt, in order to cause that another should not be ........... .
Appointment of Local Courts
[Behold, my majesty appointed] the official staff of the divine fathers, the prophets of the temples, the officials of the court of this land and the priests of the gods who comprise the official staff out of desire that they shall judge the citizens of every city. My majesty is legislating for Egypt, to prosper the life of its inhabitants; when he appeared upon the throne of Re. Behold, the official staffs have been appointed in the whole land ... all ... to comprise the official staffs in the cities according to their rank.
The King's Audiences and Largesses
.... They went around ... times a month, which he [made] for them like a feast; every man set down at a portion of every good thing, of good bread, and meat of the storehouses, of royal provision .....; their voices reached heaven, praising all benefits ... the heart of all the soldiers of the army. [The king appeared to the people] ... throwing (gifts) to them from the balcony while every man was called by his name by the king himself. They came forth from the presence rejoicing, laden with the provision of the royal house; yea, they too [grain-heaps] in the granary, every one of them [bore] barley and spelt, there was not found one who had nothing .... their cities. [If they did not complete the circuit therein within three days, [....] their khetkhet-officers hastened after them to the place where they were immediately. They were found there .....
Laudation of the King and Conclusion
Hear ye these commands which my majesty has made for the first time governing the whole land, when my majesty remembered these cases of oppression which occur before this land.
- Details
- Written by: Dr. Correo Andrew Hofstad
- Category: Usermaatre-setepenre "Hur" Ramesses I (Pharaoh Ramesses I)
1 The lord of the Two Lands: Menpehtyre ("Enduring is the power of Re"),
2 The lord of appearances: Ramesses ("Re has given birth to him"),
3 given life.
4 Osiris, foremost of the Westerners,
5 the great god, lord of the necropolis.
- Details
- Written by: Dr. Correo Andrew Hofstad
- Category: Usermaatre-setepenre "Hur" Ramesses I (Pharaoh Ramesses I)
1 The strong bull, he who rejuvenates the royalty
2 He who appears as a king, like Atum
3 Who established Maat throughout the Two Lands
4 Eternal is the Strength of Ra
5 Ra has fashioned him
6 Ramesses, ruler of Maat